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Abstract We report the discovery of three faint and ultrafaint dwarf galaxies—Sculptor A, Sculptor B, and Sculptor C—in the direction of NGC 300 (D= 2.0 Mpc), a Large Magellanic Cloud–mass galaxy. Deep ground-based imaging with Gemini/GMOS resolves all three dwarf galaxies into stars, each displaying a red giant branch indicative of an old, metal-poor stellar population. No young stars or Higas are apparent, and the lack of a GALEX UV detection suggests that all three systems are quenched. Sculptor C (D= 2.04 Mpc;MV= −9.1 ± 0.1 mag orLV= (3.7 ) × 105L⊙) is consistent with being a satellite of NGC 300. Sculptor A (D= 1.35 Mpc;MV= −6.9 ± 0.3 mag orLV= (5 ) × 104L⊙) is likely in the foreground of NGC 300 and at the extreme edge of the Local Group, analogous to the recently discovered ultrafaint Tucana B in terms of its physical properties and environment. Sculptor B (D= 2.48 Mpc;MV= −8.1 ± 0.3 mag orLV= (1.5 ) × 105L⊙) is likely in the background, but future distance measurements are necessary to solidify this statement. It is also of interest due to its quiescent state and low stellar mass. Both Sculptor A and B are ≳2–4rvirfrom NGC 300 itself. The discovery of three dwarf galaxies in isolated or low-density environments offers an opportunity to study the varying effects of ram-pressure stripping, reionization, and internal feedback in influencing the star formation history of the faintest stellar systems.more » « lessFree, publicly-accessible full text available December 10, 2025
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Martínez-Delgado, David; Grebel, Eva K.; Javanmardi, Behnam; Boschin, Walter; Longeard, Nicolas; Carballo-Bello, Julio A.; Makarov, Dmitry; Beasley, Michael A.; Donatiello, Giuseppe; Haynes, Martha P.; et al (, Astronomy & Astrophysics)
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